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Guaymas Sonora Mexico
According to Jorge Murillo Chisem, author of the book "Notes for the Guaymas History" there is little information. It seems that between San Carlos and Guaymas there was a Pima settlement, which was later replaced by Yaqui and Seri indians.
In 1533, Captain Diego de Guzman arrived from the South to the Yaqui river; whereas Captain Francisco de Ulloa in 1539 discovered that the Guaymas area at such time was a speaking frontier between the Siux Hokanos and Cahitas groups (Seris and Yaquis). Although the Seris understood their respective dialects, they belonged to the Hokan group which included the Yumas, Cochimies, Mohaves and other tribes; whereas the Yaquis belonged to the Utoaztec group which included the Pima, Opata Guarijo and Mayo tribes.
The Jesuit Missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino arrived in 1687 and built several catholic missions in the Pimeria Alta region, including the San Jose de Guaymas mission, which restored, is yet in service. The human settlements preferred the ocean beaches and took place under the name of San Fernando de Guaymas, called later the Guaymas village, then the Port of Guaymas and finally the actual name of Guaymas of Zaragoza.
The French Pirate
In 1848, Mr. Cayetano Navarro was appointed San Fernando de Guaymas Prefect. In 1854 Count Raousset-Boulbon, brought an invasion expedition from San Francisco with French and European renegades, in a piracy act, to attack San Fernando de Guaymas. In a boat called the "Belle" they arrived at the Red Point because of the red color of the "Tetas de Cabra" (goat´s teats) mountain peak in San Carlos Bay anchoring under the singular silhouette.
He planned to take the Guaymas military garrison at night by suprise. But a longer than planned walking distance to Guaymas, and the hot weather at such time, got them confused. They had to camp by El Soldado estuary (where the Soldado de Cortes protected estuary not sits). An elegant rancher appeared to welcome them but he secretely sent his servant "Cachanias" to notify of the intruders to General Jose Maria Yañez, who was the State of Sonora governor and the regional Army Commander. He had arrived from Ures, at that time the State of Sonora capital, to defend Guaymas with his troops integrated with Yaqui Indian soldiers. The rancher happened to be Cayetano Navarro, at such time Chief of the Local Civil guard. When the authorities did not accept his conditions, Count Boulbon anchored his la "Belle" ship by the Batuecas beach (on the way to Empalme) and stated a bombardment of the town on July 13, 1954. But for his disgrace, he did little damage, was placed in jail and then, after a military trial he was found guilty and was shot in Guaymas on August 12th. Cayetano Navaro, the rancher, in recognition, was again appointed mayor of Guaymas in the latter part of 1854. Since then, the city of Guaymas celebrates the anniversary each July 13th.
The San Carlos History
By mere coincedence, the same Cayetano Navaro who in 1854 already owned the lands of his "El Baviso de Navarro" cattle ranch through his daughters marriage to Mascareñas family later divided the ranch in large parcels known as El Represo, El Baviso, San Carlos and Los Algodones. Rafael T. Caballero later *** who in turn would convert part of them to the actual resort community of San Carlos Bay, Nuevo Guaymas.
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According to an extract taken from the Guaymas Public Registry of Property and Commerce, the New Guaymas land from the "El Baviso de Navarro" old cattle ranch, was previously purchased from the Mexican State and Federal Governments by Mr. Cayetano Navarro family.
The 18,080.80 hectares ranch was divided into four 4,520.20 hectares ranches, assigning the Los Algodones ranch to Mrs. Maria Luisa M. Fleischer; the San Carlos ranch to Elodia M. Bermudez; El Baviso ranch to Mr. Cayetano Mascareñas and El Represo tract to Guillermo Mascareñas. Mr. Caballero purchased El Baviso, San Carlos and the Los Algodones ranches from the subsecuent heirs to these persons.
Agrarian Aspects
Caballero and the El Represo ranch heirs, spontaneously donated 11,186 hectares to the Mexican Federal Government who in turn assigned its use to a new agrarian settlement "13 de Julio" formalized through a Presidential Decree published in the Federal Official Gazette dated August 27, 1968, and executed within its terms on May 13, 1976.
Caballero retained 4,979.80 hectares and such property was classified as his legal "pequeña propiedad", that is, a private property status. He further executed a covenant also with the same Ministry to convert the prior use of cattle ranch lands to tourism development use. The Ministry of the Agrarian Reform executed an affidavit dated July 1, 1976, in its Official Communication number 2240-438155, stating that the El Baviso, San Carlos and Los Algodones remaining private property tracts do not have any agrarian problems. Consequently the land owners were free to convey title or to transfer the same for the incorporation of companies, to merge, to place in trust or to establish leans and dispose in any other legal way for part or in total of the above mentioned private properties, without the need for further agrarian requirements.
Federal Declaration - "Official Tourist Destination"
The Federal government, through the Ministry of Tourism, the Ministry of Human Settlements and Public Works, and the Ministry of the Agrarian Reform designated the San Carlos Township as an official National Tourist Destination Zone, in a separate resolution published in the Federal Office Gazette Number 34, dated August 15, 1980. For practical purposes, this meant that San Carlos Bay private lands are free and clear from any agrarian action, as is the case with many other coastal properties.
City Founding
New tourist destination of San Carlos Bay, Nuevo Guaymas in support to all the first improvements and constructions made by Caballero and his associates with their own resources, the State of Sonora Governor Luis Encinas Johnson promoted a Congress decree establishing the official birth of the San Carlos Bay township, Commissary of Nuevo Guaymas in the Municipality of Guaymas, published in the State´s official gazette number 26 dated September 28, 1963, covering the first portion of 2,774.60 hectares of private lands and at a later date Governor Faustino Felix Serna sponsored an addition to the new recreational city in a separate decree published in the the State of Sonora Official Bulletin number 23 of March 21st, 1973.
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